By Dr. Shelly Singh, MBBS, MD – Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Gynecologist, Obstetrician, Infertility Specialist.Pregnancy is an exciting journey, but it also comes with its share of physical and emotional challenges. One such challenge that can potentially affect a mother’s and baby’s health is preeclampsia. Many expecting mothers wonder: How do I know if I have preeclampsia? This blog addresses that concern in detail and highlights the common preeclampsia symptoms during pregnancy that every woman should be aware of.
As a practicing gynecologist and obstetrician, I, Dr. Shelly Singh, have guided countless women through safe pregnancies. Understanding the signs of preeclampsia early can help you take timely action and ensure the well-being of both you and your baby.
What Is Preeclampsia?
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems, most often the liver and kidneys. It usually begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy in women whose blood pressure had previously been normal.
Recognizing preeclampsia symptoms during pregnancy is essential because, if left untreated, it can lead to serious—even fatal—complications for both mother and baby.
Who Is at Risk for Preeclampsia?
Preeclampsia can develop in any pregnant woman, but you may be at a higher risk if you:
- Are pregnant for the first time
- Are carrying more than one baby (twins, triplets)
- Have a history of high blood pressure, kidney disease, or diabetes
- Have a family history of preeclampsia
- Are over the age of 35
- Are overweight or obese
- Have autoimmune disorders like lupus
If you fall into any of these categories, it’s important to remain extra vigilant about monitoring preeclampsia symptoms during pregnancy.
Common Symptoms of Preeclampsia
Sometimes, preeclampsia develops without any noticeable symptoms, which is why routine prenatal checkups are crucial. However, several warning signs may indicate the condition. These include:
1. High Blood Pressure
Consistently high blood pressure (140/90 mm Hg or higher) is the most common and early preeclampsia symptom during pregnancy. It may be detected during regular antenatal visits.
2. Protein in Urine
Another hallmark of preeclampsia is the presence of protein in your urine, indicating kidney stress or damage. This is usually detected through routine urine tests during prenatal check-ups.
3. Swelling (Edema)
Swelling in the hands, feet, face, or around the eyes may be common in pregnancy, but if it appears suddenly or becomes severe, it may signal preeclampsia.
4. Persistent Headaches
Severe or persistent headaches that do not improve with usual treatment could be a red flag. Headaches linked to high blood pressure are one of the critical preeclampsia symptoms during pregnancy.
5. Visual Disturbances
Changes in vision such as blurring, flashing lights, or temporary loss of vision should never be ignored. These symptoms are due to the effect of high blood pressure on the nervous system.
6. Upper Abdominal Pain
Pain under the ribs, particularly on the right side, may suggest liver involvement—a more serious sign of preeclampsia.
7. Sudden Weight Gain
A rapid increase in weight (more than 2 kg in a week) could be due to fluid retention, often associated with worsening preeclampsia.
8. Decreased Urination
Reduced urine output or dark-colored urine may indicate compromised kidney function and should be reported immediately.
How Is Preeclampsia Diagnosed?
If you show any preeclampsia symptoms during pregnancy, your doctor will likely run several tests to confirm the diagnosis. These may include:
- Blood pressure monitoring
- Urinalysis for protein
- Blood tests for liver and kidney function
- Ultrasound to monitor baby’s growth
- Fetal heart rate monitoring
Prompt diagnosis and monitoring are crucial for preventing serious complications like eclampsia, placental abruption, or premature delivery.
Is There a Cure for Preeclampsia?
There is no permanent cure for preeclampsia other than delivering the baby. However, management depends on how far along you are in your pregnancy and the severity of the symptoms.
Management options include:
- Blood pressure medications
- Frequent monitoring
- Bed rest in some cases
- Hospital admission in severe cases
- Induction of labor if the baby is viable and the risk is high
How Can I Prevent Preeclampsia?
While preeclampsia can’t always be prevented, especially if you’re at higher risk, certain precautions can help reduce the chances or delay onset:
- Regular prenatal visits
- Monitoring blood pressure at home
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Following a balanced, low-sodium diet
- Staying physically active
- Taking prenatal supplements as advised by your doctor
Understanding and responding quickly to preeclampsia symptoms during pregnancy is a critical step in prevention and safety.
Conclusion
Preeclampsia is a serious condition, but when diagnosed and managed on time, most women go on to have healthy pregnancies and babies. Whether it’s your first pregnancy or a subsequent one, being aware of preeclampsia symptoms during pregnancy and maintaining regular prenatal checkups is essential for your safety.
If you’re experiencing symptoms or have concerns about your pregnancy health, don’t hesitate to seek medical care. As a specialist in women’s health, I, Dr. Shelly Singh, provide compassionate, personalized support for expecting mothers at every stage of pregnancy.
To schedule a consultation or learn more, feel free to contact Dr. Shelly Singh today.
